Off Pump Coronary Surgery (OPCAB) and the Evolution of My Pragmatism!

I have been observing and then performing coronary artery surgery since 1988. It was in 1992 when I first heard of Subramanian's first published accounts of LIMA to LAD coronary bypass done off pump i.e. without the aid of a heart lung machine.

The Pragmatic Cardiac Surgeon.

Off-Pump or On-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting at 30 Days — NEJM
 This randomised trial compared 30 day outcomes between patients whose coronary bypass operation was done with a heart lung machine with those whose surgery was performed without i.e. OPCAB - Off Pump Coronary Bypass. 

PERFUSION MINIMISED

All we now need are 3 foot perfusionists!